Contemporary issue

2. What is meant by organizational development? Discuss important aspects of organizational development. Organizational development is the process of making positive changes in economic, business and resource resources as per the need. As the organization is a dynamic, relative and objective tool, it should be continuously improved and modified as per the needs of the country. In order for any organization to succeed, it must improve or develop in its various aspects. Aspects of organizational development A) Development in structural system / side . To make the structure work-oriented, service-oriented, simple and fast, . To restructure scientific, rational and practical organizational units, . Strengthening the control and coordination system B) Policy reforms . Timely amendments to policies, rules and laws, . Improving goals, objectives and strategies as time demands, . Adoption of new management concepts, C) Development in the work process . To make decentralized and accountable . S...

Mention the areas of work introducing public management. Public management is the act of identifying, managing, mobilizing and controlling public resources for the promotion of public interest. Public management is a concept developed to meet the challenges of contemporary public administration in the 21st century, such as changes in the role of government, liberalization, globalization, market economy, etc. Public management is the latest form of improved public administration that has internalized the good qualities of the private and business sectors. Public management refers to the aggregation of government-led private, non-governmental and community sector operations for the public good and the management of international relations. This is a concept that has been introduced in the 80's as an alternative to traditional public administration, especially as the conservative ideas and principles of traditional public administration have been weakening and public administration ha...

  An open question-and-answer discussion in a public place on a matter of public interest between public officials, stakeholders and the general public is called a public hearing. A public hearing is a public hearing organized by a public body to inform the service recipients and stakeholders, listen to their queries or complaints and respond responsibly. Public hearing is a democratic way in which service providers are publicly accountable to their clients. This creates the basis for the officials of public bodies to perform their assigned duties and responsibilities in an achievable manner. Nepal's legal system regarding public hearings.                                                              1. Article 30 of the Good Governance (Management and Operations) Act, 2064 provides for public hearing as follows: The head of the o...

In a public organization, managers have to make various decisions from time to time. Mention the steps to be taken in this way and mention the issues that the manager should pay special attention to when making decisions in the public administration of Nepal. (5+5) Decision "Decision making is the selection of one best alternative from two or more possible alternatives."                      - Terry Decision means the process of deciding what to do or not to do or what is right or wrong in any matter. According to the Government Decision Process Simplification Guideline, 2065, a decision is a final order or instruction given by an authorized officer in writing regarding a subject, question or problem using the power conferred by law. The decision-making process helps to translate any idea into action. Decision steps Although the stages of decision making in management are found to be different according to different scholars and ana...

This model set is based on old model. But it is very helpful for the students who appearing in see examination. Keep on practicing! Good luck! for the exam.

This question paper is based on old model but it is still useful for the st udents who are appearing in see exam.

Democracy is such a beautiful system of governance, where the people are the masters of governance, participate and experience the direct experience of governance. Democratic governance operates according to the interests, desires or wishes of the citizens. In a democratic system of governance, fair, free and healthy periodic elections are practiced and adopted in a representative and participatory style of governance. In a democratic system of governance, values ​​such as people-centered, decentralized, participatory, inclusive, human rights, social justice, independent judiciary and constitutionalism are accepted. Only educated and conscious citizens / people can follow, use and protect democratic law, culture and system which strengthens the democratic system of governance. Importance of civic consciousness in democratic governance: Democratic governance has a system of free and fair elections from which the responsibility of choosing a good representative lies with the citizens and...

The heart is a main pumping organ of our body. It helps to distribute the blood to all parts of the body. The heart is made up of special tissues known as cardiac muscles. It is able to pump the blood by rhythmic contraction and relaxation of its muscles. The blood circulation in a human body is double circulation. It involves the circulation of blood from heart to other parts fo the body except lungs and the circulation between heart and lungs. This means that the blood passes through the heart twice for each circulation of the body. Thus, there are two types of blood circulation in human body. (i) Systematic circulation      It is defined as the circulation of blood fom heart to all parts of the body except the lungs.  First, the pure blood is collected in the left auricle pushes the blood in the left ventricle. When the ventricle contracts, the pure blood is passed to the aorta thtough aortic valve. Then this pure blood is distributed by arteries and art...

Public Service Commission, Anamnagar Release

National Security Management National security management is the multi-dimensional security strategy adopted to strengthen the political, economic, social, environmental and other aspects of the state and free the country and people from both internal and external challenges and lead them to happiness, peace, good governance, prosperity and development. National security management has an important role to play in ensuring the ideal state and peace and happy human life in the spirit of the country's values ​​of sovereignty, integrity, independence, human rights and civil liberties. Modern national security addresses not only military security but also the overall security of the state and the people. Areas of National Security Management (A). External security management A) Border security . To prevent border encroachment in the border area,      . Boundary Dispute Resolution,      . To maintain peace and security in the border areas. B) Control of crimes i...

Those animals which have no backbone or vertebral column are called invertebrates. They are classified into nine phyla. Characteristics of the animals of these phyla are given below: 1. Phylum: Protozoa i. They are unicellular organisms. ii. They are mostly found in water. iii. These animals have pseudopodia, flagella or cilia for locomotion. iv. They can be free living or parasitic. Some examples: amoeba,paramecium etc 2. Phylum: Porifera i. Porifera means pore bearer animals, commonly called sponges. ii. Most of them are marine organisms except spongilla. iii. They are diploblastic animals. iv. They respire through general body surface. V. They do not move from place to place, so they are called sessile. vi. The presence of calcium and silicon makes their body rigid and strong. vii. Sponges have two types of openings on their body surface i.e. ostia(mouthlets) and osculums(anus). Some examples: sycon, spongilla,euspongia etc. 3. Phylum: Coelenterata i. The body of ...

Definition Transparency is the belief that all the work and activities of the state should be carried out in an open and transparent manner except for maintaining confidentiality in accordance with the law. Transparency is the system by which the concerned stakeholders know about the process adopted by a body and the results obtained from it. "Transparency is a characteristics of government, companies, organizations and individuals that are open in the clear discloser of information, values, plans, process and actions." -Transparency International Transparency is when an issue is made public, information and communication is communicated, and issues of public concern are brought to light. Features of transparency . Openness in government operations, . Openness in administrative activities, . Through the promotion of public accountability, . The means of increasing public participation, The Basis of Good Governance . Components of democracy, . Through the implementation of the...